๐Ÿ“š ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื‘ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืžืชื—ื“ืฉ ๐Ÿ“– โ€œื”ืืจื›ื™ื•ืŸโ€ ืžืฆื™ืข ื”ืงืœื˜ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื•ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื ๐Ÿ“ป ื”ืื—ืจืื™ ืขืœ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื‘ื’ืœืฆ

ื”ืงืœื™ืงื• ืœืืจื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืื—ืจืื™ ืขืœ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜

๐ŸŽง ืœื”ืื–ื ื” ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ๐Ÿ”Š

ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ืžืชื—ื“ืฉืช

ื“ื™ื‘ืจื ื• ืขื ืฉื ื™ ืื‘ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ืขื•ืจื›ืช ืจืืฉื™ืช ื‘โ€ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื‘ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”โ€œ, ืขืœ ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืคื ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืืชืจ, ืฉืžืฆื™ืข ื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืช ืขื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืคื’ื• ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ, ื•ื›ืืœื• ืฉื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื™ืจื• ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื”ืŸ; ื•ืกื™ืคืจื ื• ืขืœ ืืชืจ โ€œื”ืืจื›ื™ื•ืŸโ€œ, ืฉื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืฉืœื• ื”ื™ื โ€œืกืคืจื•ืช ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ืงื•ืœโ€, ืžืฆื™ืข ืคืจื•ื–ื” ื•ืฉื™ืจื” ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื, ืžื•ืงืœื˜ื™ื ื‘ืงื•ืœื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืงืจื™ื™ื ื™ื ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื, ืฉื—ืงื ื™ื, ื–ืžืจื™ื ื•ืื—ืจื™ื.

ืกืคืจื™ื. ืชืžื•ื ื”: Combined Media, cc-by-nc-nd

ืกืคืจื™ื. ืชืžื•ื ื”: Combined Media, cc-by-nc-nd

ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื‘ืคื™ื ื”

โ€ข ื—ื•ืงืจื™ ืกื™ื™ื‘ืจืื‘ื˜ื—ื” ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื• ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืขืœ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ Meltdown ื•-Spectre, ืฉืชื™ ืคื™ืจืฆื•ืช ืื‘ื˜ื—ื” ื—ืžื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื‘ื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘. ื”ืคื™ืจืฆื•ืช ืžืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืชื•ืงืคื™ื ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืชื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืœื’ืฉืช ืœืžื™ื“ืข ืžืชื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ืฉืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ, ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื”ืœื™ื‘ื” (kernel memory), ืฉืืžื•ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืกื•ื ืœื›ืš. ื”ืคื™ืจืฆื•ืช ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื‘ื™ื ืฉื™ื•ืฆืจื• ื‘ืขืฉืจื™ื ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช, ื•ืžืกื›ื ื•ืช ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื, ืกืœื•ืœืจื™ื™ื ื•ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืขื ืŸ.

โ€ข ืขื•โ€ื“ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืื‘ื™ืจื ื•ืขื•โ€ื“ ืฉื—ืจ ื‘ืŸ ืžืื™ืจ ื”ื’ื™ืฉื• ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ื™ืช ื ื’ื“ ื•ื•ืื˜ืกืืค ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืžื•ืขืจืš ืฉืœ 3 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉืงืœ ืขืœ โ€œื”ืคืจืช ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช, ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ืžืขืžื“ ืฉืœ ืžื•ื ื•ืคื•ืœ ืœืจืขื”, ื’ืจื™ืžืช ื ื–ืง ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ืขื•ืฉืจ ืฉืœื ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜โ€, ื•ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื โ€œืฆื• ืขืฉื” ื”ืžื•ืจื” ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื›ืœ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืœื”ืŸ ืฉืœื ืœืฉืชืฃ ืืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื•ื•ืื˜ืกืืค ืฉืœื• ืขื ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง, ื•ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืœืžืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืžื—ื•ืง ืžืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืœื”ืŸ ื›ืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื ืืกืฃ ืžืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื™ืช ื•ื•ืื˜ืกืืคโ€.

โ€ข ื”ื•ื•ืœื•ื’ืจ ื”ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ ืœื•ื’ืŸ ืคื•ืœ, ืขื 15 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืขื•ืงื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ื•ื‘, ืฆื™ืœื ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืขืจ ื‘ื™ืคืŸ, ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื” โ€œื™ืขืจ ื”ืžืชืื‘ื“ื™ืโ€ ืขืœ ืฉื•ื ื”ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ื›ืืชืจ ื ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืชืื‘ื“ื•ืช. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฆื™ืœื•ืžื™ื ื ืชืงืœ ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื’ื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ืžืชืื‘ื“, ื•ืชื™ืขื“ ืืช ื”ื’ื•ืคื” ื•ืื•ืชื• ื•ืืช ื—ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฆื•ื—ืงื™ื ื•ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืขืœื™ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื—ื•ืช, ืžื” ืฉื’ืจืจ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ื—ืจื™ืคื”. ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ืกืจ ื•ืคื•ืœ ืคืจืกื ื”ืชื ืฆืœื•ืช ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื•ื‘ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ืคื•ื’ืขื ื™, ืžืชื’ืœืฆโ€™ื™ื ื—ืคืจื• ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ืคื•ืœ ื•ื’ื™ืœื• ืฉื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื, ื‘ื”ื ืื—ื“ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื•ื ืžื˜ืจื™ื“ ื•ืœื•ืขื’ ืœื™ืคื ื™ื, ื•ืื—ืจ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื•ื ืžืคื‘ืจืง ืืช ืจืฆื™ื—ืชื•.

โ€ข ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ื›ืจื™ื–ื” ืฉืชืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืื›ื•ืฃ ื›ืœืœื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืœื”ืคื—ืชืช ืฆื™ื•ืฆื™ ืฉื ืื” ื•ื”ืชืขืžืจื•ืช, ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจ ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกืช ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœื“ืจื™ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืžืชื’ืœืฆโ€™ื™ื ื•ืžื‘ืงืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืœืกื’ื•ืจ ืืช ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจ ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืืจื”โ€ื‘ ื“ื•ื ืœื“ ื˜ืจืืžืค ื‘ื ื™ืžื•ืง ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจืช ืชื ืื™ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ, ื•ืœื˜ืขื ื” ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ื ืžื ืขืช ืžื›ืš ื›ื™ ื”ืคืจื•ืคื™ืœ ืฉืœ ื˜ืจืืžืค ืชื•ืจื ืœืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื” ื•ืœืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื”. ืื•ืœื ื‘ืคื•ืกื˜ ื”ืจืฉืžื™ ืฉืœื”, ื”ืจืฉืช ื ืžื ืขืช ืžืœื ืงื•ื‘ ื‘ืฉืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื:

ื—ืกื™ืžืช ืžื ื”ื™ื’/ื” ืขื•ืœืžื™/ืช ืžื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจ ืื• ื”ืกืจืช ืฆื™ื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืฉืœื”ื ื™ื’ืจืžื• ืœื”ืกืชืจืช ืžื™ื“ืข ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ื•ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื•. ื–ื” ื’ื ืœื ื™ืฉืชื™ืง ืืช ืื•ืชื•/ืื•ืชื” ืžื ื”ื™ื’/ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื™ืคื’ืข ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืžื™ืœื•ืชื™ื”ื ื•ืคืขื•ืœื•ืชื™ื”ื.

ืื ื• ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ืฆื™ื•ืฆื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ ืฉืžื’ื“ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื, ื•ืื•ื›ืคื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื”ืชืื. ืื™ืŸ ืคืจื•ืคื™ืœ ืฉืœ ืื“ื ื‘ื•ื“ื“ ืฉืžื ื™ืข ืืช ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจ, ืื• ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•. ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืงืฉื” ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื•ื˜ื™ื, ื•ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™.

โ€ข ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจ ืคืจืกืžื” ืืช ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื”ืฆื™ื•ืฆื™ื ืœืฉื ืช 2017, ื•ื’ื™ืœืชื” ืฉื”ืฆื™ื•ืฅ ืฉื–ื›ื” ืœื”ื›ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉืฆื™ื•ืฆื™ื (retweets) ื”ื•ื ืฉืœ ืงืจื˜ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœืงืจืกื•ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ื”-16, ืฉืจืฉืช ื”ื”ืžื‘ื•ืจื’ืจื™ื ื•ื•ื ื“ื™ื– ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื” ืœื• ืืกืคืงื” ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ืฆโ€™ื™ืงืŸ ื ืื’ื˜ืก ื‘ื—ื™ื ื ืื ื™ื–ื›ื” ืœ-18 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืฆื™ื•ืฆื™ื. ื”ื•ื ืฆื™ื™ืฅ ืืช ื‘ืงืฉืช ื”ืขื–ืจื” ืฉืœื• ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืืคืจื™ืœ, ืืš ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ื–ื›ื” ืœ-3.6 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืฆื™ื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืื‘ืœ ื•ื•ื ื“ื™โ€™ื–, ืฉื–ื›ืชื” ืœื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืขืฆื•ืžื”, ื”ื’ืฉื™ืžื” ืœื• ืืช ืžืฉืืœืชื•.

ืœืžืงื•ื ื”ืฉื ื™ ื”ื’ื™ืข ืฆื™ื•ืฅ ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืืจื”โ€ื‘ ื”ืงื•ื“ื, ื‘ืจืง ืื•ื‘ืžื”, ืฉื–ื›ื” ื’ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื•ืฅ ื”ื›ื™ ืžืคื•ื‘ืจื˜ ื‘-2017. ื‘ืฆื™ื•ืฅ ืžื•ืคื™ืข ืชืฆืœื•ื ืฉื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ืชืžื•ื ืช ืกื˜ื•ืง ืฉืœ ื’ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื•ืช, ื•ื‘ื” ื ืจืื” ื”ื ืฉืœโ€ืฉ ืœื™ื“ ื—ืœื•ืŸ ืฉืžืžื ื• ืžืฆื™ืฆื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ืžืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื. ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืฉืœื™ื•ื•ื” ืืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜ โ€œืื™ืฉ ืœื ื ื•ืœื“ ืฉื•ื ื ืื“ื ืื—ืจ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฆื‘ืข ืขื•ืจื• ืื• ื”ืจืงืข ืฉืœื• ืื• ื”ื“ืช ืฉืœื•โ€ฆโ€, ืฉืœื™ืฉ ืžืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜ ืฉืœ ื ืœืกื•ืŸ ืžื ื“ืœื” ืฉืื•ื‘ืžื” ื—ื™ืœืง ืœืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืฆื™ื•ืฆื™ื ื ืคืจื“ื™ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืื•ืจื›ื• (ื”ืฆื™ื•ืฅ ื”ืงื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืฉืœ ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจ ืœื”ื›ืคื™ืœ ืืช ืžื’ื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ื•ื™ื).

ืœืื•ื‘ืžื” ื™ืฉ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืฆื™ื•ืฆื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื‘ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉื•ืฆื™ื™ืฆื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืœื˜ืจืืžืค ื™ืฉ ืืคืก, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ื›ืŸ ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืจืืฉ ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจื™ื ืฉื–ื›ื• ืœืžื™ืจื‘ ื”ืฆื™ื•ืฆื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื, ืœืคื ื™ ื ืจื ื“ืจื” ืžื•ื“ื™, ืจโ€ืž ื”ื•ื“ื•, ื•ื ื™ืงื•ืœืก ืžื“ื•ืจื•, ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื ืฆื•ืืœื”.


ื”ืคื™ื ื” โ€œื”ืื—ืจืื™ ืขืœ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜โ€ ืžืฉื•ื“ืจืช ืžื“ื™ ืฉื‘ืช ื‘-19:30 ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช โ€œืฉื™ืฉื‘ืชโ€ ื‘ื”ื’ืฉืช ืขื™ื“ืŸ ืงื•ื•ืœืจ ื‘ื’ืœืฆ. ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื”ื“ืจ ื‘ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”

ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช

ืคืจืกื•ื ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”

ืขืœื™ืš ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ื‘.